High-Level Overview

Training Optimizations

Reducing Latency

  1. Mixed Precision Training: Reduces memory usage and speeds computation.

  2. Optimizer Enhancements (e.g., AdamW, LAMB): Accelerates convergence.

  3. FlashAttention: Optimizes attention computation for speed and memory.

  4. Cocktail SGD: Reduces network overhead in distributed training.

  5. Sub-Quadratic Architectures (e.g., Striped Hyena): Lowers computational complexity.

Higher Throughput

  1. Gradient Accumulation: Enables large batch sizes on limited GPU memory.

  2. Data Parallelism: Splits data across GPUs for faster training.

  3. Model Parallelism: Distributes model layers across GPUs.

  4. Pipeline Parallelism: Pipelines model layers across GPUs for efficiency.

  5. Gradient Checkpointing: Trades computation for memory savings.

  6. LoRA Optimization: Efficient fine-tuning for large models.


Inference Optimizations

Reducing Latency

  1. Layer Fusion: Combines operations into single kernels.

  2. Speculative Decoding: Uses draft models to predict tokens faster.

  3. SplitRPC: Splits control/data paths for reduced latency.

  4. FlashAttention-3: Enhances inference speed for long sequences.

  5. Custom CUDA Kernels: Optimizes specific ops (e.g., softmax).

Higher Throughput

  1. Quantization: Reduces precision (e.g., FP16, INT8) for faster inference.

  2. Dynamic Batching: Groups requests for GPU efficiency.

  3. Continuous Batching: Processes requests as they arrive.

  4. Caching (e.g., KV Cache): Reuses computed values.

  5. Knowledge Distillation: Trains smaller, faster models.

High-Level Overview

Training Optimizations

  1. Mixed Precision Training: Reduces memory usage and speeds computation.
  2. Gradient Accumulation: Enables large batch sizes on limited GPU memory.
  3. Data Parallelism: Splits data across GPUs for faster training.
  4. Model Parallelism: Distributes model layers across GPUs.
  5. Pipeline Parallelism: Pipelines model layers across GPUs for efficiency.
  6. Gradient Checkpointing: Trades computation for memory savings.
  7. Optimizer Enhancements (e.g., AdamW, LAMB): Accelerates convergence.
  8. FlashAttention: Optimizes attention computation for speed and memory.
  9. Cocktail SGD: Reduces network overhead in distributed training.
  10. Sub-Quadratic Architectures (e.g., Striped Hyena): Lowers computational complexity.
  11. LoRA optimization